Arthritis in cats is a more common disease than is generally thought. It is estimated that over 90% of cats over twelve years old show some degree of degenerative joint changes, although many owners do not detect it because cats are masters at hiding pain. With the onset of cold weather, symptoms intensify and the animal's quality of life can be significantly affected if adequate measures are not taken.
Can cats have arthritis?
Yes. Feline osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease that causes cartilage degradation, inflammation and pain. Unlike dogs, cats do not usually limp obviously. Their response to joint pain manifests through behavioural changes: less activity, refusal to go up or down stairs, lower tolerance for contact, or changes in grooming habits. These signals, especially in indoor cats, can easily be confused with simple ageing.
How cold affects arthritis
Cold causes vasoconstriction, reducing blood flow to the joints and hindering the distribution of nutrients and synovial fluid. The periarticular muscles tighten, increasing stiffness. All this translates into more pain and less mobility during winter months. Cats living in houses with cold floors or draughts are particularly vulnerable. Providing warm, elevated surfaces can make a real difference to the animal's daily comfort.
Symptoms of arthritis in cats
Knowing how to recognise the signs is the first step. Here are the most common indicators:
- Reduced activity and play
- Difficulty climbing onto elevated surfaces (sofas, beds, scratching posts)
- Changes in grooming: less self-care or, conversely, excessive licking of painful joints
- Stiffness when getting up or starting to move
- Character changes: greater irritability, refusal of contact in sensitive areas
- Changes in litter box use: avoiding entry due to pain when climbing or crouching
Diagnosis and veterinary treatment
Feline arthritis is diagnosed through clinical examination and usually with X-rays showing joint changes. The vet will assess the degree of involvement and design a management plan that may include analgesia, anti-inflammatories and physiotherapy. It is essential not to self-medicate the cat: many human or canine analgesics are toxic to felines. Regular veterinary follow-ups are essential to adjust treatment according to progress.
How to adapt the environment for an arthritic cat
Changes at home are just as important as medical treatment:
- Place the bed, food bowl and litter box on the floor or in easily accessible locations.
- Use litter boxes with a low entrance to avoid the effort of stepping over the edge.
- Add ramps or steps so the cat can reach its favourite spots without jumping.
- Provide warm, soft surfaces, away from draughts and cold floors.
- Keep the environment at a stable temperature, without abrupt fluctuations.
Diet and supplements for the cat with arthritis
Nutrition plays an important role in the management of feline arthritis. Controlling body weight is a priority: excess weight increases joint load and accelerates degeneration. A diet suited to the animal's age and health status is essential. Wet food can be beneficial for cats with arthritis, as it aids fluid intake and is often more palatable for animals with chronic pain who may have less appetite. Specific senior cat food is formulated with nutritional profiles adapted to the needs of older animals. Supplements with omega-3, chondroitin and glucosamine have evidence supporting joint health, though they should always be introduced under veterinary supervision.
The indoor environment also influences the wellbeing of the arthritic cat. A stable temperature and well-regulated heating are essential: discover how to manage heating safely for pets during the cold months.
